A new Monte Carlo model for predicting the mechanical properties of fiber yarns

Understanding the complicated failure mechanisms of hierarchical composites such as fiber yarns is essential for advanced materials design. In this study, we developed a new Monte Carlo model for predicting the mechanical properties of fiber yarns that includes statistical variation in fiber strength. Furthermore, a statistical shear load transfer law based on the shear lag analysis was derived and implemented to simulate the interactions between adjacent fibers and provide a more accurate tensile stress distribution along the overlap distance. Simulations on two types of yarns, made from different raw materials and based on distinct processing approaches, predict yarn strength values that compare favorably with experimental measurements. Furthermore, the model identified very distinct dominant failure mechanisms for the two materials, providing important insights into design features that can improve yarn strength.     

薄板试样斜断口形成机制及损伤断裂过程分析

为分析不同材料和尺寸的薄板试样在室温下拉伸破坏后均形成与横截面夹角在20°~25°之间斜断口的原因,首先用统计方法对试样内随机分布微缺陷进行讨论,提出一种在宏观尺度上材料内微缺陷分布局部非均匀简化模型的假设.应用含孔材料损伤本构模型对含有不同方向微缺陷分布局部非均匀薄带区域的16MnNb薄板试样变形至破坏全过程进行数值模拟.结果表明,斜断口形成主要是由于试样内在与横截面夹角小于45°的带形区域内微缺陷分布局部非均匀造成,且与该带形区域在试样中位置无关;由于考虑微缺陷分布局部非均匀,得到试样的斜断口形成过程与试验现象完全一致;同时结合试验断口形貌,对变形过程中颈缩截面内损伤演化和破坏过程进行研究,进一步解释薄板试样的损伤破坏机制.     

Confining effect on the bearing capacity of circular footings on a purely cohesive soilEffet du confinement sur la capacité portante d'une fondation circulaire sur un sol purement cohérent

The bearing capacity of axially symmetrical footings acting on a purely cohesive soil foundation contained by a rigid wall at a finite distance is investigated within the framework of the Yield design theory. Following the same tracks as in a preceding paper devoted to strip footings, the analysis is performed by referring to already existing results concerning the bearing capacity of a circular footing on a soil layer with limited thickness. It comes out that the bearing capacity factor determined by Eason and Shield for a rough circular footing on an unlimited soil foundation is increased by a correction factor that increases when the diameter of the container decreases. Comparison with the results obtained for strip footings acting on a purely cohesive soil in the same conditions shows that the confining effect is significantly lower for a circular footing than for a strip footing. To cite this article: J. Salençon, C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 521–525.     

支持向量机在胎膜早破预测中的应用

为快速、准确地对胎膜早破进行预测,首次应用了一种新型的数据挖掘技术-支持向量机预测模型.该模型针对所获取的胎膜早破及正常破膜数据集100个病例进行建模,并与神经网络、Logistic回归建模的性能进行了比较.结果表明,支持向量机具有可调参数少、学习速度快等优点,计算所得到的结果无论从准确率,还是所获取知识的可理解性等方面,都优于常用的神经网络等方法.用支持向量机方法建立的胎膜早破预测模型合理可行.     

Three‐point bending tests—Part I: Mathematical study and asymptotic analysis

The goal of this work is to study the static behaviour of a three‐dimensional elastic beam when is subjected to a three‐point bending test. In the first part, under suitable compatibility conditions on the applied forces and on the geometry of the beam, we will prove the existence of a unique solution for the associated contact elastic problem; these conditions of compatibility on the data come from the absence of a Dirichlet condition on the beam boundary. In the second part, we will study the asymptotic behaviour of this problem; in particular, we will deduce the one‐dimensional models associated with the displacement components, and we will give the existence and uniqueness of solution for them. Moreover, we will give an expression for the normal axial stress in the beam which is related to the modulus of rupture of brittle materials. In the final part of the work, we will deal with the regularity of the solution for the bending problem and we will prove some properties of the coincidence set. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Méthode d'homogénéisation auto-cohérente en calcul à la ruptureSelf-consistent homogeneization method in yield design

This work is aimed towards determining the macroscopic strength criterion of a heterogeneous material with a random microstructure. We use the self-consistent concept by considering a reference material, which is of same nature as the constituents of the heterogeneous material. We deduce that the estimates of the macroscopic strength domain are the solutions to self-consistent equations and we give their derivation procedure. To cite this article: S. Turgeman, B. Guessab, C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 623–626.     

青海玉树Ms7.1级地震地质灾害主要特征

2010年4月14日7时49分,青海省玉树县发生Ms7.1级地震。玉树地震产生较连续的地表破裂和大量房屋破坏,并诱发了滑坡、崩塌和震裂山体。此外,地震诱发的砂土液化、水渠溃决等加剧了局部山体地质灾害。通过现场调查和地震前后玉树县地质灾害发育状况,简要阐述了地震地质灾害的主要发育特征,包括震后地质灾害数量明显增加、地震地质灾害分布受活动断裂控制、低位滑坡为主、地质灾害链生效应显著等,并对灾后重建过程中的地质灾害防治提出了建议。     

汶川地震地表破裂影响带调查与建筑场地避让宽度探讨

5.12汶川Ms8.0级地震沿龙门山中央断裂带形成长度约270km的地表破裂带,破裂带垂直和水平位移一般为1.0～5.0m,最大可达9.8m。在地表破裂带附近,建筑物破坏严重。笔者系统调查了龙门山中央断裂带地表破裂的垂直和水平位移以及地震地表破裂影响带宽度,并采用物探测试方法对部分影响带宽度进行了验证。统计结果表明,汶川地震地表破裂影响带宽度主要集中在16～60m,影响带宽度（D）与垂直位移（H）具有较好的线性关系,即D=10.11H+16.0。对于逆冲性质为主的地震地表破裂而言,上盘影响带宽度与下盘的比值一般为3：1～2：1,据此可确定地表破裂带上、下盘的避让带宽度。笔者根据现场调查并借鉴国外经验提出,上盘避让宽度下限一般不应低于15m,下盘避让宽度下限不应低于10m。本项研究对于汶川地震灾后重建场地选址具有重要的实际意义。
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西南大渡河某水电站溢洪道陡槽段雾化边坡稳定性分析

泄洪雨雾入渗导致边坡变形进而影响边坡稳定性的问题已成水电建设的重要工程问题之一。针对西南某水电站溢洪道陡槽段边坡挤压错动带发育、节理裂隙和控制性结构面发育等结构特点,分析该边坡开挖支护后泄洪雾化条件下潜在失稳的边界条件及变形破坏模式。根据边坡所处的地质环境条件,从泄洪雾化对边坡岩体的作用机制入手,得到了雨雾对该边坡稳定性的影响主要为雨雾沿着顺倾坡外拉裂面入渗,影响结构面力学特性,从而影响边坡稳定性。并按结构面类型取不同软化系数,采用数值模拟方法分析了泄洪雨雾入渗后边坡的变形破坏趋势。分析结果表明：在考虑不同的软化系数时,溢0+555.00下游侧边坡岩体稳定性有较大的差别,若以中间值075考虑,溢洪道陡槽段边坡的稳定性稍差,可能产生一定规模的剪切蠕动变形或块体失稳,必须加强一定的支护措施保证该处边坡在施工期安全和运营期间的长期稳定性。     

Pulling-induced rupture of ligand-receptor bonds between a spherically shaped bionanoparticle and the support

Contacts of biological or biologically-inspired spherically shaped nanoparticles (e.g., virions or lipid nanoparticles used for intracellular RNA delivery) with a lipid membrane of cells are often mediated by multiple relatively weak ligand-receptor bonds. Such contacts can be studied at a supported lipid bilayer. The rupture of bonds can be scrutinized by using force spectroscopy. Bearing a supported lipid bilayer in mind, the author shows analytically that the corresponding dependence of the force on the nanoparticle displacement and the effect of the force on the bond-rupture activation energy are qualitatively different compared to what is predicted by the conventional Bell approximation.